Vaginal cancer is uncommon cancer that affects the female genitalia. It can be caused by genetic and lifestyle factors and often presents with little to no noticeable symptoms.
The most common type of vaginal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, which occurs when cells on the surface of the vagina grow uncontrollably. In most cases, it is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), often leading to precancerous cell changes in the vagina.
Often, vaginal cancer is related to age since women over 60 are more likely to develop it. This makes early detection important so that treatment can occur as soon as possible.
While women with a history of cervical cancer are at a higher risk for developing vaginal cancer, other risk factors include smoking, having a weakened immune system, and having elevated estrogen levels in the body.
Although vaginal cancer can sometimes be detected during a routine pelvic exam, other common tests to detect it include vaginal biopsies and imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs.
The primary treatment for vaginal cancer is surgery, which may involve removing the cancerous tissue and any lymph nodes that may be affected. Depending on the size and stage of the cancer, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy may also be used.
To reduce the risk of developing vaginal cancer, it is important to have regular Pap tests, practice safe sex, and prevent infection with HPV through the HPV vaccine.
Many women can successfully recover from vaginal cancer and have a normal sex life after treatment.
Although the symptoms of vaginal cancer are often similar to those of other illnesses, the most common are abnormal bleeding, unusual vaginal discharge, and pain during sex.
Vaginal cancer can be confused with cervical cancer, as they both have similar symptoms. It is important to get any unusual symptoms checked out by a doctor.
Support groups and online resources can help women and their families cope with a diagnosis of vaginal cancer. These can provide valuable emotional and practical support when dealing with the diagnosis.
