Glandular fever, or mono, is a viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). It is most commonly seen in teenagers and young adults but it can affect anyone of any age.
Glandular fever can cause extreme fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and fever lasting several days. Additionally, the spleen may increase in size and become tender.
Symptoms of glandular fever usually occur four to six weeks after contact with the virus. Common symptoms include extreme tiredness, swollen lymph nodes, swollen tonsils, and a sore throat.
Glandular fever is diagnosed through a physical examination and blood tests. Additional tests may include a throat swab or a lumbar puncture.
Glandular fever is contagious and can spread from one person to another via saliva. It is common to spread through kissing, sneezing, coughing, and sharing utensils and toothbrushes.
Treatment for glandular fever includes rest, pain medication, and fluids. Although it is a virus, antibiotics may be used to treat secondary infections.
Once contracted, the virus stays in the body and can reactivate, causing various other illnesses, such as chronic fatigue syndrome or autoimmune illnesses.
Glandular fever has a higher risk of complications in people with weakened immune systems or chronic health conditions. Individuals with weakened immune systems should take extra precautions when coming into contact with others who have glandular fever.
The best way to prevent glandular fever is to practice good hygiene, wash your hands often and not kiss or share objects such as drinking glasses and eating utensils.
Avoid cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and vaping, as individuals who smoke are more likely to suffer from prolonged glandular fever with more severe symptoms.
Research suggests that individuals recovering from glandular fever should carefully plan a return to sport. A measured approach focusing on gradual loading is essential for a safe return to play.
